Mesenchymal stem cells
The biomedical cell product is represented by mesenchymal stem cells (after this – MSC) of an adult with typical morphology and phenotype. The main properties of MSCs that are valuable for their clinical use are high paracrine and immunomodulatory activity, the ability to self-renewal, and multilinear differentiation potential.
The biomaterial for the production of BMCP is adipose tissue containing 2–5% of native MSCs, which is 10–1000 times higher than in the corresponding fraction of adherent bone marrow cells. The active proliferation of MSCs in vitro makes it possible to obtain a cell dose sufficient for successful clinical use.
MSCs of adipose tissue has an immunomodulatory effect, suppressing the activity of almost all cells of the immune system.
MSCs are capable of induced in vitro differentiation in adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, endothelial, myogenic, and neurogenic directions, which determines the areas of clinical use of BMCPs based on them. The ability of MSCs to interact with other cells, both in vitro and in vivo, through the production of paracrine factors, exerting immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, trophic effects and stimulating angiogenesis is of great importance for clinical efficacy.
Methods of cell therapy with the use of MSCs in the treatment of many chronic diseases have been developed, which is manifested by tissue regeneration, elimination of the inflammatory reaction, and restoration of microcirculation.